TY - JOUR
TI - Hybrid vehicle battery fires experimental insights and risk evalution
AU - Ozkalay Cemil
AU - Soyhan Hakan Serhad
AU - Mammacioglu Onur
AU - Coskun Gokhan
JN - Thermal Science
PY - 2025
VL - 29
IS - 4
SP - 3105
EP - 3111
PT - Article
AB - This study investigates the fire behavior of lithium-ion batteries used in  hybrid electric vehicles under gasoline-induced thermal conditions. In the  experimental set-up, 2 L of gasoline were ignited to analyze and compare the  thermal responses of a 6 cell 18650 cylindrical battery pack and a prismatic  battery. Temperature changes were recorded at T1 and T2 points using K-type  thermocouples, and the thermal reactions of each battery type were  evaluated. Both batteries exhibited safety valve activation, thermal  runaway, and jet flame emissions. The prismatic battery initially showed  higher resistance, yet eventually underwent a similar failure sequence.  Maximum temperatures reached 981.3°C at T2 and 765.4°C at T1, indicating  the severity of the thermal runaway process. The findings demonstrate that  hydrocarbon fuel significantly intensifies battery reactions and highlight  the necessity of improved fire safety strategies in hybrid systems. This  study provides a valuable foundation for future research on battery safety  and fire risk mitigation in multi-energy vehicle configurations.