TY - JOUR
TI - Recent progress on hydrogen-fueled port fuel injection spark ignition engine: A systematic review
AU - Abubakar Shitu
AU - Mohd Farid Muhamad
AU - Abas Mohd Azman
AU - Khalid Ahmad Hilmi
AU - Roslan Muhammad Faizullizam
AU - Ismail Najib Aminu
AU - Umaru Samaila
AU - Narayan Sunny
AU - Kaisan Muhammad Usman
JN - Thermal Science
PY - 2025
VL - 29
IS - 5
SP - 3509
EP - 3528
PT - Article
AB - The performance of H2PFI is constrained by low volumetric efficiency and combustion anomalies including pre-ignition, backfire, and knock. The current study presents a systematic literature review of studies on the H2PFI spark ignition en¬gine sourced from the Scopus and WoS databases from 2014-2024. A flame arrestor can prevent flames from travelling back into the intake manifold. By reducing spark plug tip temperature, exhaust valve surface temperatures, retarding spark timing, delaying fuel injection, cooled exhaust gas re-circulation, water injection, increasing compression ratio, increasing injection pressure, retarding intake valve opening timing and lean burn, H2PFI spark ignition engine combustion anomalies and emissions can be mitigated. The combustion and performance of the engine can be enhanced through controlling the injection strategies. Water injection and exhaust gas re-circulation techniques are found effective in reducing NOx emissions. The use of zero-carbon fuels such as ammonia can be blended with hydrogen to increase the energy density of the mixture thereby increasing the volumetric efficiency. Ammonia can be blended with hydrogen to modulate flame speed, heat release rate, and mitigate engine knock. Similarly, the use of nanoadditives and catalysts to optimize hydrogen ignition properties and enable more controlled combustion is a promising research direction for H2PFI spark ignition engines.